Why
groups blame the Community Reinvestment Act as the cause for the present
economic recession.
Since
the economic downturn began in 2007, and especially in 2008, the Community
Reinvestment Act (CRA) has been thrust onto the public consciousness
due to the search for answers of how the United States fell into a
recession. Several conservative groups have used this opportunity
to put the blame of the financial crisis on government policy. These
groups point to government polices such as a highly accommodative
monetary policy by the Federal Reserve, federal policies designed
to expand home ownership, and the congressionally-granted duopoly
status of housing GSEs Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. While these groups’
explanation of how the housing bubble was created has some credence,
the addition of the CRA into the list of factors that caused the recession
is incorrect and misguided.
The
explanation by the conservative groups for how the CRA created the
mortgage market crisis is based on two points. The first is that the
CRA forced banks to extend credit to low to moderate income communities
and thus creating a dramatic rise in sub-prime lending. The second
argument follows that these communities defaulted on their sub-prime
mortgages causing them to foreclose on their houses creating the mortgage
market crisis. The arguments by these groups are best summarized by
the words of Republican Congressman Jeb Hensarling:
“Thus,
mandates like CRA ended up becoming a significant contributor to the
number of foreclosures that are occurring because they required lending
institutions to abandon their traditional underwriting standards in
favor of more subjective models to meet their government mandated
CRA objectives.”
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