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An Overview of the HAARP Program
The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) operates a major
ionospheric research facility at Gakona, Alaska. As
you look through our web site, you will find many technical details about this
facility and about active ionospheric research in general. The web site also
contains descriptive material on the Earth's ionosphere and gives examples of
some of the scientific results obtained at the HAARP facility.
There is a strong connection between the ionospheric research conducted at the
HAARP facility and many practical issues that affect our everyday lives. All
long-distance high frequency (HF) communication systems, such as ship-to-shore
communications, transoceanic aircraft links, and portable systems used so
frequently in Alaska and other remote areas, operate by bouncing signals off
the ionosphere, a process often referred to as sky-wave propagation. By studying a small,
limited portion of the ionosphere directly over the facility, research at the
HAARP observatory is able to probe the nature of this dynamic medium, both in
its naturally disturbed condition and when artificially stimulated, with the
goal of being able to provide the fundamental understanding necessary to
enhance the performance of such systems.
Radio signals at much higher frequencies are used with satellite communication
systems such as the military's UHF satellite constellation and with navigation
systems such as GPS. In this case, the signals must pass through the ionosphere.
The performance of these systems can be negatively impacted by naturally occuring ionospheric
processes such as scintillation, fading and Faraday rotation. Research at HAARP is of
great value in studying and characterizing these ionospheric processes as well.
Research conducted at the HAARP facility can be classified as Basic or Exploratory
Research which is fundamental in nature, often resulting in discoveries
or significant broadening of the knowledge base. The eventual development of useful
technologies and applications or the improvement in the performance of existing systems
sych as those discussed above, is facilitated when it is based on a strong and complete
understanding of the underlying fundamental processes.
We like to think that when the apple fell on Newton's head, it motivated him to
think about the motion of heavenly bodies. Eventually, through a process akin to
fundamental research, Newton was able to derive
equations that described the orbits of planets in the solar system. He could
not foresee how his laws of motion could be applied to space flight or to
the launching of communication satellites.
Another relevant example is the fundamental research of chemists F. Sherwood Rowland and
Mario Molina who were studying the catalytic properties of halogen compounds in
photochemical reactions. Although not an initial objective of their research,
they published a paper in 1974 extending their investigations to conditions
existing in the Earth's stratosphere and came to the startling conclusion that
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) being released on Earth would cause significant
depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, thereby destroying our protection
against harmful solar ultraviolet radiation and increasing the risk of skin
cancer and other health problems. At that time, CFCs were used primarily in
air conditioners and as a propellant in hair sprays. Their conclusion was not
warmly received by the industrial manufacturers of such compounds and was
debated within scientific circles, but subsequent measurements made using
high-altitude balloons showed that the predicted depletion of the ozone layer
was actually occurring at an alarming rate. Fortunately, the international
community reacted to this environmental threat fairly quickly, and an agreement
was reached in 1987 to phase out the manufacture and use of CFCs. This
agreement has been implemented, at least in the developed countries of the
world, but it is too early to see any significant results. The latest
predictions, using sophisticated computer models of atmospheric phenomena, are
that the desired restoration of the ozone layer should begin occurring by the
year 2015. In recognition of their scientific contributions that alerted the
world to this serious environmental problem, Rowland and Molina were awarded
the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This is a powerful example of how basic
research can yield significant, unplanned benefits for mankind.
Twenty years ago, the leading scientists in the ionospheric research
community were consulted to obtain their input and to help define the future
operating characteristics of the HAARP facility. Top research scientists continue to be
involved with HAARP's research program and with its educational and outreach activities.
The facility has been used for exciting new research and regularly produces
discoveries in ionospheric physics worthy of publishing in peer-reviewed
journals such as the Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research
Letters, and Radio Science. Since the first research campaign at HAARP in 1999,
well over 100 scholarly papers have been published in scientific journals. In addition, research
at HAARP is regularly presented at annual scientific conferences that include
sessions devoted to ionospheric interactive research, including those sponsored by the
American Geophysical Union held annually in the Fall and by the International Union of
Radio Science (URSI) held annually in January.
The question occasionally arises as to why HAARP was being built in Alaska.
Like Canada, Russia, and Norway among others, the United States is an Arctic nation.
If we are to make informed decisions concerning the use and preservation of the
region's resources and develop systems that are compatible with the unique
Arctic environment, we need knowledge derived from high-quality research
activities. The Arctic ionosphere strongly affects high latitude
telecommunication systems, and depending on solar activity and geographic
location, the natural variations in the ionosphere over Alaska can be
characterized as polar, auroral, or mid-latitude, leading
to wide variations in communication performance. The HAARP Facility is
ideally situated to allow the study of each of these conditions. More will
be said about this later.
In summary, the aim of research conducted at HAARP is to explore and understand
natural phenomena occurring in the Earth's ionosphere and near-Earth space
environment. This research is of considerable value for communication and
navigation system applications. Other research will examine the use of low frequencies
for underwater communications. But in the end, the goal of all the research conducted
at HAARP is knowledge. Knowledge is the fuel that powers our modern technological
society. While many of the potential applications of this research can be
foreseen, history tells us that many new and highly significant benefits will
also emerge.
HAARP
Weather Control: HAARP
The HAARP Project and Weather Control as a Weapon
"It isn't just conspiracy theorists who are concerned about HAARP.
The European Union called the project a global concern and passed a
resolution calling for more information on its health and environmental
risks. Despite those concerns, officials at HAARP insist the project is
nothing more sinister than a radio science research facility."
-- Quote from a documentary on HAARP weather control by Canada's public broadcasting network CBC
Dedicated with caring and compassion to the many who suffered
and died in the massive earthquakes in Japan and Haiti, and in the
Indonesian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina.
Dear friends,
HAARP
(High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program) is a little-known, yet
critically important U.S. military defense program which has generated
quite a bit of controversy over the years in regards to its alleged
weather control capabilities and much more.
Though
denied by HAARP officials, some respected researchers allege that
secret electromagnetic warfare capabilities of the HAARP project are
designed to forward the US military's stated goal
of achieving full-spectrum dominance by the year 2020. Others go so far
as to claim that HAARP can and has been used for weather control, to
cause earthquakes and tsunamis, to disrupt global communications
systems, and more. The U.S. patent of a key developer of HAARP and other
documentary evidence support these claims.
Major
aspects of the program are kept secret for alleged reasons of
"national security." Yet there is no doubt that HAARP and
electromagnetic weapons capable of being used in warfare do exist.
According to the official HAARP website,
"HAARP is a scientific endeavor aimed at studying the properties and
behavior of the ionosphere, with particular emphasis on being able to
understand and use it to enhance communications and surveillance
systems for both civilian and defense purposes." The ionosphere
is the delicate upper layer of our atmosphere which ranges from about
30 miles (50 km) to 600 miles (1,000 km) above the Earth's surface.
The HAARP website acknowledges
that experiments are conducted which use electromagnetic frequencies
to fire pulsed, directed energy beams in order to "temporarily excite a
limited area of the ionosphere." Some scientists state that purposefully disturbing this sensitive layer could have major and even disastrous consequences. Concerned HAARP researchers like Dr. Michel Chossudovsky of the University of Ottawa and Alaska's Dr. Nick Begich
(son of a US Congressman) present evidence suggesting that these
disturbances can even be used to trigger earthquakes, affect
hurricanes, and for weather control.
Dr. Bernard Eastlund is the scientist whose name is most associated with the creation and development of HAARP. His revealing website at this link
provides reliable information on his involvement with the project. A
1987 patent issued to Dr. Eastlund, which can be viewed at this link, is titled "Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere." In
this patent, which sets the stage for HAARP, Dr. Eastlund makes a
number of fascinating statements which clearly contradict the claim
that HAARP is only being used for research and not for military purposes
or such purposes as weather control. Here are a few of key statements taken verbatim from the patent:
- [The] temperature of the ionosphere has been raised by hundreds of degrees in these experiments.
- A
means and method is provided to cause interference with or even total
disruption of communications over a very large portion of the earth.
This invention could be employed to disrupt not only land based
communications, both civilian and military, but also airborne
communications and sea communications. This would have significant
military implications.
-
It is possible ... to take advantage of one or more such beams to carry
out a communications network even though the rest of the world's
communications are disrupted.
- [This invention] can be used to an advantage for positive communication and eavesdropping purposes.
- Exceedingly large amounts of power can be very efficiently produced and transmitted.
-
This invention has a phenomenal variety of ... potential future
developments. Large regions of the atmosphere could be lifted to an
unexpectedly high altitude so that missiles encounter unexpected and
unplanned drag forces with resultant destruction or deflection. Weather
modification is possible by, for example, altering upper atmosphere
wind patterns or altering solar absorption patterns by constructing one
or more plumes of atmospheric particles which will act as a lens or
focusing device. Ozone, nitrogen, etc. concentrations in the atmosphere could be artificially increased.
- Electromagnetic pulse defenses are also possible. The earth's magnetic field could be decreased or disrupted at appropriate altitudes to modify or eliminate the magnetic field.
For those with any background in science, you might find it quite revealing to explore this patent
in more detail. And remember that since the time of this patent, in
which Alaska is mentioned several times as the ideal location, the
government fully acknowledges that it has built a massive array of
antennas in Alaska with the capability of disturbing the ionosphere
exactly as described in Eastlund's patent.
Two key major media documentaries, one by Canada's public broadcasting network CBC
and the other by the History Channel, reveal the inner workings of
HAARP in a most powerful way. The very well researched CBC documentary
includes this key quote:
"It
isn't just conspiracy theorists who are concerned about HAARP. In
January of 1999, the European Union called the project a global concern
and passed a resolution calling for more information on its health and
environmental risks. Despite those concerns, officials at HAARP insist
the project is nothing more sinister than a radio science research
facility."
To view the European Union (EU) document which brings HAARP and similar electromagnetic weapons into question, click here.
The actual wording at bullet point 24 in this telling document states
that the EU "considers HAARP by virtue of its far-reaching impact on
the environment to be a global concern and calls for its legal,
ecological and ethical implications to be examined by an international
independent body before any further research and testing." This
reveling document further states that the EU regrets the repeated
refusal of the U.S. government to send anyone to give evidence on
HAARP.
To watch this engaging 15-minute CBC documentary online, click here.
For an even more detailed and revealing 45-minute History Channel
documentary on HAARP and other secret weapons used for electromagnetic
warfare, click here. Below are two quotes from the History Channel documentary:
"Electromagnetic
weapons ... pack an invisible wallop hundreds of times more powerful
than the electrical current in a lightning bolt. One can blast enemy
missiles out of the sky, another could be used to blind soldiers on the
battlefield, still another to control an unruly crowd by burning the
surface of their skin. If detonated over a large city, an
electromagnetic weapon could destroy all electronics in seconds. They
all use directed energy to create a powerful electromagnetic pulse."
"Directed
energy is such a powerful technology it could be used to heat the
ionosphere to turn weather into a weapon of war. Imagine using a flood
to destroy a city or tornadoes to decimate an approaching army in the
desert. The military has spent a huge amount of time on weather
modification as a concept for battle environments. If an electromagnetic
pulse went off over a city, basically all the electronic things in your
home would wink and go out, and they would be permanently destroyed."
For those who still doubt that such devastating secret weapons have been developed, here is an intriguing quote from an article in New Zealand's leading newspaper, the New Zealand Herald:
"Top-secret
wartime experiments were conducted off the coast of Auckland to perfect
a tidal wave bomb, declassified files reveal. United States defence
chiefs said that if the project had been completed before the end of the
war, it could have played a role as effective as that of the atom bomb.
Details of the tsunami bomb, known as Project Seal, are contained in 53-year-old documents released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade."
If
the military secretly developed a weapon which could cause a tsunami
over half a century ago, what kind of advanced deadly weapons might be
available now? And why is it that the general public still
doesn't know about secret weapons developed over 50 years ago? To
understand why the media isn't covering these highly critical issues, click here.
Clearly the military has the capability to cause a tsunami and likely
to cause earthquakes and hurricanes, as well. It's time for us to take
action to spread the word on this vital topic.
Having interpreted to for top generals in my work as a language interpreter
with the US Department of State, I learned that military planners are
always interested in developing the most devastating weapons possible.
Yet these weapons are kept secret as long as possible, allegedly for
reasons of national security. The many
layers of intense secrecy both in the military and government
result in very
few people being aware of the gruesome capabilities for death and
destruction
that have been developed over the years. There are many examples of
major defense projects kept successfully out of the public's eyes for
years and even decades.
The massive Manhattan Project
(development of the first atomic bomb) is one such example. The
building of an entire city to support the project in Oak Ridge,
Tennessee was successfully kept secret
even from the state's governor. The stealth bomber was kept top secret
for many years, and the public still has no way of knowing it's full
capabilities. It is through the use of the highly organized military
and intelligence services that the power elite
of our world, working in cooperation with key allies in government and
corporate ownership of the media, are able to carry out major
cover-ups and secret operations like those involved with HAARP.
Some researchers have raised questions about the possible involvement of HAARP in major disasters like the earthquake in Haiti, Indonesian tsunami, and hurricane Katrina. Could these have been HAARP experiments gone awry?
Might they even have been caused by rogue elements which gained control
of this devastating technology. Of course disasters like this happen
regularly on a natural basis, yet if you begin to research, there is
some high strangeness around some of these disasters. The evidence is
inconclusive, yet with the known and unknown major destructive
capabilities of this weapon, serious questions remain.
Jesse
Ventura, the former Navy Seal who turned pro wrestler only to then
become governor of Minnesota, has also done a special on HAARP that is a
bit sensationalized, yet contains useful information. You can watch
this special on YouTube at this link. For
many other ideas and suggestion on how you can further educate yourself
and what you can do to help inform others about this secret program and
make a difference in our world, see the box below. And to
bring this matter home, let us also look at where each of us are keeping
secrets in ways that can end up harming those around us. Thanks for
caring.
What you can do:
- Read other powerful, reliable major media articles on nonlethal beam weapons at this link.
- Inform
your media and political representatives of this critical information
on HAARP and weather control. To contact those close to you, click here. Urge them bring this information to light and allow public dialog on HAARP, weather control and electromagnetic weapons.
- To
read excellent, well researched articles by top researchers in the
field of HAARP, electromagnetic warfare and secret weapons, click here, here, here, and here.
- Learn about the intriguing history and development of controversial behavior modification programs in this excellent two-page summary. Footnotes and links to reliable sources are provided for verification purposes.
- Explore inspiring ideas on how we can build a brighter future in this short essay.
- Spread
this news on HAARP, weather control, and more to your friends and
colleagues. Share this article on key news websites using the "Share"
icon on this page, so that we can fill the role at which the major
media is sadly failing. Together, we can make a difference.
- We need your support. Please help our work to grow and thrive by donating at this link.
Final Note: WantToKnow.info believes it is
important to balance disturbing cover-up information with
inspirational writings which call us to be all that we can be and to
work together for positive change. Please visit our Inspiration Center
at http://www.WantToKnow.info/inspirational for an abundance of uplifting material.
Your tax-deductible donations, however large or small, help greatly to support this important work.
To make a donation by credit card, check, or money order: www.WantToKnow.info/donationswtk
Washington's New World Order Weapons Have the Ability to Trigger Climate Change
by Michel Chossudovsky, Professor of Economics, University of Ottawa
Third World Resurgence, January 2001
Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG), globalresearch.ca, 4 January 2002
The important debate on global warming under UN auspices
provides but a partial picture of climate change; in addition to the
devastating impacts of greenhouse gas emissions on the
ozone layer, the World's climate can now be modified as part of a
new generation of sophisticated "non-lethal weapons." Both the Americans
and the Russians have developed
capabilities to manipulate the World's climate.
In the US, the technology is being perfected under the
High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) as part of the
("Star Wars") Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI).
Recent scientific evidence suggests that HAARP is fully operational
and has the ability of potentially triggering floods, droughts,
hurricanes and earthquakes. From a military standpoint,
HAARP is a weapon of mass destruction. Potentially, it constitutes
an instrument of conquest capable of selectively destabilising
agricultural and ecological systems of entire regions.
While there is no evidence that this deadly technology has
been used, surely the United Nations should be addressing the issue of
"environmental warfare" alongside the debate
on the climatic impacts of greenhouse gases...
Despite a vast body of scientific knowledge, the issue of
deliberate climatic manipulations for military use has never been
explicitly part of the UN agenda on climate change. Neither the
official delegations nor the environmental action groups
participating in the Hague Conference on Climate Change (CO6) (November
2000) have raised the broad issue of "weather
warfare" or "environmental modification techniques (ENMOD)" as
relevant to an understanding of climate change.
The clash between official negotiators, environmentalists and
American business lobbies has centered on Washington's outright refusal
to abide by commitments on carbon dioxide reduction
targets under the 1997 Kyoto protocol.(1) The impacts of military
technologies on the World's climate are not an object of discussion or
concern. Narrowly confined to greenhouse gases, the
ongoing debate on climate change serves Washington's strategic and
defense objectives.
"WEATHER WARFARE"
World renowned scientist Dr. Rosalie Bertell confirms that "US
military scientists ... are working on weather systems as a potential
weapon. The methods include the enhancing of
storms and the diverting of vapor rivers in the Earth's atmosphere
to produce targeted droughts or floods." (2) Already in the 1970s,
former National Security advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski
had foreseen in his book "Between Two Ages" that:
"Technology will make available, to the leaders of major nations,
techniques for conducting secret warfare, of which only a bare minimum
of the security forces need be appraised... [T]echniques
of weather modification could be employed to produce prolonged
periods of drought or storm."
Marc Filterman, a former French military officer, outlines
several types of "unconventional weapons" using radio frequencies. He
refers to "weather war," indicating
that the U.S. and the Soviet Union had already "mastered the
know-how needed to unleash sudden climate changes (hurricanes, drought)
in the early 1980s."(3) These technologies make
it "possible to trigger atmospheric disturbances by using Extremely
Low Frequency (ELF) radar [waves]." (4)
A simulation study of future defense "scenarios" commissioned for the US Air Force calls for:
"US aerospace forces to 'own the weather' by capitalizing on
emerging technologies and focusing development of those technologies to
war-fighting applications... From enhancing
friendly operations or disrupting those of the enemy via small-scale
tailoring of natural weather patterns to complete dominance of global
communications and counterspace control,
weather-modification offers the war fighter a wide-range of possible
options to defeat or coerce an adversary... In the United States,
weather-modification will likely become a part of
national security policy with both domestic and international
applications. Our government will pursue such a policy, depending on its
interests, at various levels.(5)
HIGH-FREQUENCY ACTIVE AURORAL RESEARCH PROGRAM (HAARP)
The High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) based
in Gokoma Alaska --jointly managed by the US Air Force and the US Navy--
is part of a new generation of sophisticated
weaponry under the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Operated
by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate, HAARP
constitutes a system of powerful antennas capable
of creating "controlled local modifications of the ionosphere".
Scientist Dr. Nicholas Begich --actively involved in the public campaign
against HAARP-- describes HAARP as:
"A super-powerful radiowave-beaming technology that lifts areas
of the ionosphere [upper layer of the atmosphere] by focusing a beam and
heating those areas. Electromagnetic waves
then bounce back onto earth and penetrate everything -- living and
dead." (6)
Dr. Rosalie Bertell depicts HAARP as "a gigantic heater that can
cause major disruption in the ionosphere, creating not just holes, but
long incisions in the protective layer that
keeps deadly radiation from bombarding the planet." 7
MISLEADING PUBLIC OPINION
HAARP has been presented to public opinion as a program of
scientific and academic research. US military documents seem to suggest,
however, that HAARP's main objective is to "exploit
the ionosphere for Department of Defense purposes." (8) Without
explicitly referring to the HAARP program, a US Air Force study points
to the use of "induced ionospheric
modifications" as a means of altering weather patterns as well as
disrupting enemy communications and radar.9
According to Dr. Rosalie Bertell, HAARP is part of a integrated
weapons' system, which has potentially devastating environmental
consequences:
"It is related to fifty years of intensive and increasingly
destructive programs to understand and control the upper atmosphere. It
would be rash not to associate HAARP with the space
laboratory construction which is separately being planned by the
United States. HAARP is an integral part of a long history of space
research and development of a deliberate military nature.
The military implications of combining these projects is alarming.
... The ability of the HAARP / Spacelab/ rocket combination to deliver
very large amount of energy, comparable to a nuclear
bomb, anywhere on earth via laser and particle beams, are
frightening. The project is likely to be "sold" to the public as a space
shield against incoming weapons, or, for the more
gullible, a device for repairing the ozone layer. (10)
In addition to weather manipulation, HAARP has a number of related uses:
"HAARP could contribute to climate change by intensively
bombarding the atmosphere with high-frequency rays... Returning
low-frequency waves at high intensity could also affect
people's brains, and effects on tectonic movements cannot be ruled
out. (11)
More generally, HAARP has the ability of modifying the World's
electro-magnetic field. It is part of an arsenal of "electronic weapons"
which US military researchers consider a
"gentler and kinder warfare". (12)
WEAPONS OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER
HAARP is part of the weapons arsenal of the New World Order under
the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). From military command points in
the US, entire national economies could
potentially be destabilized through climatic manipulations. More
importantly, the latter can be implemented without the knowledge of the
enemy, at minimal cost and without engaging military
personnel and equipment as in a conventional war.
The use of HAARP -- if it were to be applied -- could have
potentially devastating impacts on the World's climate. Responding to US
economic and strategic interests, it could be used to
selectively modify climate in different parts of the World resulting
in the destabilization of agricultural and ecological systems.
It is also worth noting that the US Department of Defense has
allocated substantial resources to the development of intelligence and
monitoring systems on weather changes. NASA and the
Department of Defense's National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
are working on "imagery for studies of flooding, erosion, land-slide
hazards, earthquakes, ecological zones, weather
forecasts, and climate change" with data relayed from satellites.
(13)
POLICY INERTIA OF THE UNITED NATIONS
According to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) signed at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro:
"States have... in accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations and the principles of international law, the (...)
responsibility to ensure that activities within their
jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of
other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction."
(14)
It is also worth recalling that an international Convention
ratified by the UN General Assembly in 1997 bans "military or other
hostile use of environmental modification techniques
having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects." (15) Both the US
and the Soviet Union were signatories to the Convention. The Convention
defines "'environmental modification
techniques' as referring to any technique for changing--through the
deliberate manipulation of natural processes--the dynamics, composition
or structure of the earth, including its biota,
lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere or of outer space." (16)
Why then did the UN --disregarding the 1977 ENMOD Convention as
well as its own charter-- decide to exclude from its agenda climatic
changes resulting from military programs?
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ACKNOWLEDGES IMPACTS OF HAARP
In February 1998, responding to a report of Mrs. Maj Britt
Theorin --Swedish MEP and longtime peace advocate--, the European
Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security and Defense
Policy held public hearings in Brussels on the HAARP program.(17)
The Committee's "Motion for Resolution" submitted to the European
Parliament:
"Considers HAARP... by virtue of its far-reaching impact on the
environment to be a global concern and calls for its legal, ecological
and ethical implications to be examined by an
international independent body...; [the Committee] regrets the
repeated refusal of the United States Administration... to give evidence
to the public hearing ...into the environmental and
public risks [of] the HAARP program." (18).
The Committee's request to draw up a "Green Paper" on "the
environmental impacts of military activities", however, was casually
dismissed on the grounds that the
European Commission lacks the required jurisdiction to delve into
"the links between environment and defense". (19) Brussels was anxious
to avoid a showdown with Washington.
FULLY OPERATIONAL
While there is no concrete evidence of HAARP having been used,
scientific findings suggest that it is at present fully operational.
What this means is that HAARP could potentially be
applied by the US military to selectively modify the climate of an
"unfriendly nation" or "rogue state" with a view to destabilizing its
national economy.
Agricultural systems in both developed and developing countries
are already in crisis as a result of New World Order policies including
market deregulation, commodity dumping, etc. Amply
documented, IMF and World Bank "economic medicine" imposed on the
Third World and the countries of the former Soviet block has largely
contributed to the destabilization of domestic
agriculture. In turn, the provisions of the World Trade Organization
(WTO) have supported the interests of a handful of Western agri-biotech
conglomerates in their quest to impose genetically
modified (GMO) seeds on farmers throughout the World.
It is important to understand the linkage between the economic,
strategic and military processes of the New World Order. In the above
context, climatic manipulations under the HAARP
program (whether accidental or deliberate) would inevitably
exacerbate these changes by weakening national economies, destroying
infrastructure and potentially triggering the bankruptcy of
farmers over vast areas. Surely national governments and the United
Nations should address the possible consequences of HAARP and other
"non-lethal weapons" on climate change.
NOTES
1. The latter calls for nations to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by an average of 5.2 percent to become effective between 2008
and 2012. See Background of Kyoto Protocol at http://www.globalwarming.net/gw11.html
.
2. The Times, London, 23 November 2000.
3. Intelligence Newsletter, December 16, 1999.
4. Ibid.
5 Air University of the US Air Force, AF 2025 Final Report, http://www.au.af.mil/au/2025/
(emphasis added).
6 Nicholas Begich and Jeane Manning, The Military's Pandora's Box, Earthpulse Press, http://www.xyz.net/~nohaarp/earthlight.html
. See also the HAARP home page at http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/
7. See Briarpatch, January, 2000. (emphasis added).
8 Quoted in Begich and Manning, op cit.
9. Air University, op cit.
10. Rosalie Bertell, Background of the HAARP Program, 5 November, 1996, http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/envronmt/weapons.htm
11. Begich and Manning, op cit.
12. Don Herskovitz, Killing Them Softly, Journal of Electronic
Defense, August 1993. (emphasis added). According to Herskovitz,
"electronic warfare" is defined by the US
Department of Defense as "military action involving the use of
electromagnetic energy..." The Journal of Electronic Defense at http://www.jedefense.com/
has published a range of articles on the application of electronic and electromagnetic military technologies.
13. Military Space, 6 December, 1999.
14. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York, 1992. See complete text at http://www.unfccc.de/resource/conv/conv_002.html
, (emphasis added).
15. See Associated Press, 18 May 1977.
16. Environmental Modification Ban Faithfully Observed, States Parties Declare, UN Chronicle, July, 1984, Vol. 21, p. 27.
17. European Report, 7 February 1998.
18. European Parliament, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Security
and Defense Policy, Brussels, doc. no. A4-0005/99, 14 January 1999.
19. EU Lacks Jurisdiction to Trace Links Between Environment and Defense, European Report, 3 February 1999.
Copyright by Michel Chossudovsky, CRG 2002. All rights reserved.
Permission is granted to post this text on non-commercial community
internet sites, provided the essay remains intact and
the copyright note is displayed. To publish this text in printed
and/or other forms contact the CRG at editor@globalresearch.ca
.
The URL of this article is:
http://globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO201A.html
By Rosalie Bertell
Earthpulse Press
November 5, 1996
Military interest in space became intense during and after World War II
because of the introduction of rocket science, the companion to nuclear
technology. The early versions include the buzz bomb and guided missiles.
They were thought of as potential carriers of both nuclear and conventional
bombs.
Rocket technology and nuclear weapon technology developed simultaneously
between 1945 and 1963. During this time of intensive atmospheric nuclear
testing, explosions at various levels above and below the surface of the
earth were tried. Some of the now familiar descriptions of the earth's
protective atmosphere, such as the existence of the Van Allen belts, were
based on information gained through stratospheric and ionospheric
experimentation.
The earth's atmosphere consists of the troposphere, from sea level to about
16 km above the earth's surface; the stratosphere (which contains the ozone
level) which extends from about the 16 to 48 km above the earth; and the
ionosphere which extends from 48 km to over 50,000 km above the surface of
the earth.
The earth's protective atmosphere or "skin" extends beyond 3,200 km above
sea level to the large magnetic fields, called the Van Allen Belts, which
can capture the charged particles sprayed through the cosmos by the solar
and galactic winds. These belts were discovered in 1958 during the first
weeks of the operation of America's first satellite, Explorer I. They
appear to contain charged particles trapped in the earth's gravity and
magnetic fields. Primary galactic cosmic rays enter the solar system from
interstellar space, and are made up of protons with energies above 100 MeV,
extending up to astronomically high energies. They make up about 10% of the
high energy rays. Solar rays are generally of lower energy, below 20 MeV
(which is still high energy in earth terms). These high energy particles
are affected by the earth's magnetic field and by geomagnetic latitude
(distance above or below the geomagnetic equator). The flux density of low
energy protons at the top of the atmosphere is normally greater at the
poles than at the equator. The density also varies with solar activity, a
minimum when solar flares are at a maximum.
The Van Allen belts capture charged particles (protons, electrons and alpha
particles) and these spiral along the magnetic force lines toward the polar
regions where the force lines converge. They are reflected back and forth
between the magnetic force lines near the poles. The lower Van Allen Belt
is about 7700 km above the earth's surface, and the outer Van Allen Belt is
about 51,500 km above the surface. According to the Encyclopaedia
Britannica, the Van Allen belts are most intense along the equator, and
effectively absent over the poles. They dip to 400 km over the South
Atlantic Ocean, and are about 1,000 km high over the Central Pacific Ocean.
In the lower Van Allen Belt, the proton intensity is about 20,000 particles
with energy above 30 MeV per second per square centimetre. Electrons reach
a maximum energy of 1 MeV, and their intensity has a maximum of 100 million
per second per square centimetre. In the outer Belt, proton energy averages
only 1 MeV. For comparison, most charged particles discharged in a nuclear
explosion are range between 0.3 and 3 MeV, while diagnostic medical X-ray
has peak voltage around 0.5 MeV.
Project Argus (1958)
Between August and September 1958, the US Navy exploded three fission type
nuclear bombs 480 km above the South Atlantic Ocean, in the part of the
lower Van Allen Belt closest to the earth's surface. In addition, two
hydrogen bombs were detonated 160 km over Johnston Island in the Pacific.
This was called, by the military, "the biggest scientific experiment ever
undertaken". It was designed by the US Department of Defence and the US
Atomic Energy Commission, under the code name Project Argus. The purpose
appears to be to assess the impact of high altitude nuclear explosions on
radio transmission and radar operations because of the electro-magnetic
pulse (EMP), and to increase understanding of the geomagnetic field and the
behaviour of the charged particles in it.
This gigantic experiment created new (inner) magnetic radiation belts
encompassing almost the whole earth, and injected sufficient electrons and
other energetic particles into the ionosphere to cause world wide effects.
The electrons travelled back and forth along magnetic force lines, causing
an artificial "aurora" when striking the atmosphere near the North Pole.
US Military planed to create a "telecommunications shield" in the
ionosphere, reported in 13-20 August 1961, Keesings Historisch Archief
(K.H.A.). This shield would be created "in the ionosphere at 3,000 km
height, by bringing into orbit 350,000 million copper needles, each 2-4 cm
long (total weight 16 kg), forming a belt 10 km thick and 40 km wide, the
needles spaced about 100 m apart." This was designed to replace the
ionosphere "because telecommunications are impaired by magnetic storms and
solar flares". The US planned to add to the number of copper needles if the
experiment proved to be successful. This plan was strongly opposed by the
International Union of Astronomers.
Project Starfish (1962)
On 9 July 1962, the US began a further series of experiments with the
ionosphere. From their description: "one kiloton device, at a height of 60
km and one megaton and one multi-megaton, at several hundred kilometres
height" (K.H.A., 29 June 1962). These tests seriously disturbed the lower
Van Allen Belt, substantially altering its shape and intensity. "In this
experiment the inner Van Allen Belt will be practically destroyed for a
period of time; particles from the Belt will be transported to the
atmosphere. It is anticipated that the earth's magnetic field will be
disturbed over long distances for several hours, preventing radio
communication. The explosion in the inner radiation belt will create an
artificial dome of polar light that will be visible from Los
Angeles."(K.H.A. 11 May 1962). A Fijian Sailor, present at this nuclear
explosion told me that the whole sky was on fire and he thought it would be
the end of the world. This was the experiment which called forth the strong
protest of the Queen's Astronomer, Sir Martin Ryle in the UK.
"The ionosphere (according to the understanding at that time) that part of
the atmosphere between 65 and 80 km and 280-320 km height, will be
disrupted by mechanical forces caused by the pressure wave following the
explosion. At the same time, large quantities of ionizing radiation will be
released, further ionizing the gaseous components of the atmosphere at this
height. This ionization effect is strengthened by the radiation from the
fission products...... The lower Van Allen Belt, consisting of charged
particles that move along the geomagnetic field lines ... will similarly be
disrupted. As a result of the explosion, this field will be locally
destroyed, while countless new electrons will be introduced into the lower
belt." (K.H.A. 11 May 1962)
"On 19 July.... NASA announced that as a consequence of the high altitude
nuclear test of July 9, a new radiation belt had been formed, stretching
from a height of about 400 km to 1600 km; it can be seen as a temporary
extension of the lower Van Allen Belt." (K.H.A. 5 August 1962)
As explained in the Encyclopaedia Britannica: "... Starfish made a much
wider belt (than Project Argus) that extends from low altitude out past L=3
(i.e. three earth radiuses or about 13,000 km above the surface of the
earth)" Later in 1962, the USSR undertook similar planetary experiments,
creating three new radiation belts between 7,000 and 13,000 km above the
earth. According to the Encyclopaedia, the electron fluxes in the lower Van
Allen Belt have changed markedly since the 1962 high-altitude nuclear
explosions by the US and USSR, never returning to their former state.
According to American scientists, it could take many hundreds of years for
the Van Allen Belts to restabilise at their normal levels.
(Research done by: Nigel Harle, Borderland Archives, Cortenbachstraat 32,
6136 CH Sittard, Netherlands.)
SPS: Solar Power Satellite Project (1968)
In 1968 the US military proposed Solar Powered Satellites in geostationary
orbit some 40,000 km above the earth, which would intercept solar radiation
using solar cells on satellites and transmit it via a microwave beam to
receiving antennas, called rectennas, on earth. The US Congress mandated
the Department of Energy and NASA to prepare an Environmental Impact
Assessment on this project, to be completed by June 1980, and costing $25
Million. This project was designed to construct 60 Solar Powered Satellites
over a thirty year period at a cost between $500 and $800 thousand million
(in 1968 dollars), providing 10% of the US energy needs in the year 2025 at
a cost of $3000 per kW. At that time, the project cost was two to three
times larger than the whole Department of Energy budget, and the projected
cost of the electricity was well above the cost of most conventional energy
sources. The rectenna sites on earth were expected to take up to 145 square
kilometres of land, and would preclude habitation by any humans, animals or
even vegetation. Each Satellite was to be the size of Manhattan Island.
Saturn V Rocket (1975)
Due to a malfunction, the Saturn V Rocket burned unusually high in the
atmosphere, above 300 km. This burn produced "a large ionospheric hole"
(Mendillo, M. Et al., Science 187,343, 1975). The disturbance reduced the
total electron content more than 60% over an area 1,000 km in radius, and
lasted for several hours. It prevented all telecommunications over a large
area of the Atlantic Ocean. The phenomenon was apparently caused by a
reaction between the exhaust gases and ionospheric oxygen ions. The
reaction emitted a 6300 A airglow. Between 1975 and 1981 NASA and the US
Military began to design ways to test this new phenomena through deliberate
experimentation with the ionosphere.
SPS Military Implications (1978)
Early review of the Solar Powered Satellite Project began in around 1978,
and I was on the review panel. Although this was proposed as an energy
program, it had significant military implications. One of the most
significant, first pointed out by Michael J. Ozeroff, was the possibility
of developing a satellite borne beam weapon for anti-ballistic missile
(ABM) use. The satellites were to be in geosynchronous orbits, each
providing an excellent vantage point from which an entire hemisphere can be
surveyed continuously. It was speculated that a high energy laser beam
could function as a thermal weapon to disable or destroy enemy missiles.
There was some discussion of electron weapon beams, through the use of a
laser beam to preheat a path for the following electron beam.
The SPS was also described as a psychological and anti-personnel weapon,
which could be directed toward an enemy. If the main microwave beam was
redirected away from its rectenna, toward enemy personnel, it could use an
infrared radiation wavelength (invisible) as an anti-personnel weapon. It
might also be possible to transmit high enough energy to ignite combustible
materials. Laser beam power relays could be made from the SPS satellite to
other satellites or platforms, for example aircraft, for military purposes.
One application might be a laser powered turbofan engine which would
receive the laser beam directly in its combustion chamber, producing the
required high temperature gas for its cruising operation. This would allow
unlimited on-station cruise time. As a psychological weapon, the SPS was
capable of causing general panic.
The SPS would be able to transmit power to remote military operations
anywhere needed on earth. The manned platform of the SPS would provide
surveillance and early warning capability, and ELF linkage to submarines.
It would also provide the capability of jamming enemy communications. The
potential for jamming and creating communications is significant. The SPS
was also capable of causing physical changes in the ionosphere.
President Carter approved the SPS Project and gave it a go-ahead, in spite
of the reservation which many reviewers, myself included, expressed.
Fortunately, it was so expensive, exceeding the entire Department of Energy
budget, that funding was denied by the Congress. I approached the United
Nations Committee on Disarmament on this project, but was told that as long
as the program was called Solar Energy by the United States, it could not
be considered a weapons project. The same project resurfaced in the US
under President Reagan, moved to the much larger budget of the Department
of Defence, and called Star Wars. Since this is more recent history, I will
not discuss the debate which raged over this phase of the plan.
By 1978, it was apparent to the US Military that communications in a
nuclear hostile environment would not be possible using traditional methods
of radio and television technology (Jane's Military Communications 1978).
By 1982, GTE Sylvania (Needham Heights, Massachusetts), had developed a
command control electronic sub-system for the US Air Force's Ground Launch
Cruise Missiles (GLCM) that would enable military commanders to monitor and
control the missile prior to launch both in hostile and non-hostile
environments. The system contains six radio subsystems, created with
visible light using a dark beam (not visible), resistant to the disruptions
experienced by radio and television. Dark beams contribute to the formation
of energetic plasma in the atmosphere. This plasma can become visible as
smog or fog. Some has a different charge than the sun's energy, and
accumulates in places where the sun's energy is absent, like the polar
regions in the winter. When the polar spring occurs, the sun appears and
repels this plasma, contributing to holes in the ozone layer. This military
system is called: Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN). (See The SECOM II
Communication System, by Wayne Olsen, SAND 78-0391, Sandia Laboratories,
Albuquerque, New Mexico, April 1978). This innovative emergency radio
system was apparently never implimented in Europe, and exists only in North
America.
Orbit Maneuvering System (1981)
Part of the plan to build the SPS space platforms was the demand for
reusable space shuttles, since they could not afford to keep discarding
rockets. The NASA Spacelab 3 Mission of the Space Shuttle made, in 1981, "a
series of passes over a network of five ground based observatories" in
order to study what happened to the ionosphere when the Shuttle injected
gases into it from the Orbit Maneuvering System (OMS). They discovered that
they could "induce ionospheric holes", and began to experiment with holes
made in the day time, or at night over Millstone, Connecticut, and Arecibo,
Puerto Rico. They experimented with the effects of "artificially induced
ionospheric depletions on very low frequency wave lengths, on equatorial
plasma instabilities, and on low frequency radio astronomical observations
over Roberval, Quebec, Kwajelein, in the Marshall Islands and Hobart,
Tasmania. (Advanced Space Research, Vol.8, No. 1, 1988)
Innovative Shuttle Experiments (1985)
An innovative use of the Space Shuttle to preform space physics experiments
in earth orbit was launched, using the OMS injections of gases to "cause a
sudden depletion in the local plasma concentration, the creation of a
so-called ionospheric hole". This artificially induced plasma depletion can
then be used to investigate other space phenomena, such as the growth of
the plasma instabilities or the modification of radio propagation paths.
The 47 second OMS burn of July 29,1985, produced the largest and most
long-lived ionospheric hole to date, dumping some 830 kg of exhaust into
the ionosphere at sunset. A 6 second, 68 km OMS release above Connecticut
in August 1985, produced an airglow which covered over 400,000 square km.
During the 1980's rocket launches globally numbered about 500 to 600 a
year, peaking at 1500 in 1989. There were many more during the Gulf War.
The Shuttle is the largest of the solid fuel rockets, with twin 45 metre
boosters. All solid fuel rockets release large amounts of hydrochloric acid
in their exhaust, each Shuttle flight injecting about 75 tonnes of ozone
destroying chlorine into the stratosphere. Those launched since 1992 inject
even more ozone destroying chlorine, about 187 tonnes, into the
stratosphere (which contains the ozone layer).
Mighty Oaks (1986)
In April 1986, just before the Chernobyl disaster, the US had a failed
hydrogen test at the Nevada Test Site called Mighty Oaks. This test,
conducted far underground, consisted of a hydrogen bomb explosion in one
chamber, with a leaded steel door to the chamber, two metres thick, closing
within milliseconds of the blast. The door was to allow only the first
radioactive beam to escape into the "control room" in which expensive
instrumentation was located. The radiation was to be captured as a weapon
beam. The door failed to close as quickly as planned, causing the
radioactive gases and debris to fill the control room, destroying millions
of dollars worth of equipment. The experiment was part of a program to
develop X-ray and particle beam weapons. The radioactive releases from
Mighty Oaks were vented, under a "licensed venting", and were likely
responsible for many of the North American nuclear fallout reports in May
1986, which were attributed to the Chernobyl disaster.
Desert Storm (1991)
According to Defence News, April 13 - 19, 1992, the US deployed an
electromagnetic pulse weapon (EMP) in Desert Storm, designed to mimic the
flash of electricity from a nuclear bomb. The Sandia National Laboratory
had built a 23,000 square metre laboratory on the Kirkland Air Force Base,
1989, to house the Hermes III electron beam generator capable of producing
20 Trillion Watt pulses lasting 20 billionths to 25 billionths of a second.
This X-ray simulator is called a Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator. A stream
of electrons hitting a metal plate can produce a pulsed X-ray or gamma ray.
Hermes II had produced electron beams since 1974. Thes devises were
apparently tested during the Gulf War, although detailed information on
them is sparce.
High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HAARP (1993)
The HAARP Program is jointly managed by the US Air Force and the US Navy,
and is based in Gakona, Alaska. It is designed to "understand, simulate and
control ionospheric processes that might alter the performance of
communication and surveillance systems". The HAARP system intends to beam
3.6 Gigawatts of effective radiated power of high frequency radio energy
into the ionosphere in order to:
- generate extremely low frequency (ELF) waves for communicating with
submerged submarines,
- conduct geophysical probes to identify and characterize natural
ionospheric processes so that techniques can be developed to mitigate or
control them,
-generate ionospheric lenses to focus large amounts of high frequency (HF)
energy, thus providing a means of triggering ionospheric processes that
potentially could be exploited for Department of Defence purposes,
-electron acceleration for infrared (IR) and other optical emissions which
could be used to control radio wave propagation properties,
-generate geomagnetic field aligned ionization to control the
reflection\scattering properties of radio waves,
-use oblique heating to produce effects on radio wave propagation, thus
broadening the potential military applications of ionospheric enhancement
technology.
Poker Flat Rocket Launch (1968 to Present)
The Pocker Flat Research Range is located about 50 km North of Fairbanks,
Alaska, and it was established in 1968. It is operated by the Geophysical
Institute with the University of Alaska Fairbanks, under NASA contract.
About 250 major rocket launches have taken place from this site, and in
1994, a 16 metre long rocket was launched to help NASA "understand chemical
reactions in the atmosphere associated with global climate change". Similar
experiments, but using Chemical Release Modules (CRM) have been launched
from Churchill, Manitoba. In 1980, Brian Whelan's "Project Waterhole",
disrupted an aurora borealis, bringing it to a temporary halt. In February
1983, the chemical released into the ionosphere caused an aurora borealis
over Churchill. In March 1989, two Black Brant X's and two Nike Orions
rockets were launched over Canada, releasing barium at high altitudes and
creating artificial clouds. These Churchill artificial clouds were observed
from as far away as Los Alamos, New Mexico.
The US Navy has also been carrying on High Power Auroral Stimulation
(HIPAS) research in Alaska. Through a series of wires and a 15 metre
antenna, they have beamed high intensity signals into the upper atmosphere,
generating a controlled disturbance in the ionosphere. As early as 1992,
the Navy talked of creating 10 kilometre long antennas in the sky to
generate extremely low frequency (ELF) waves needed for communicating with
submarines.
Another purpose of these experiments is to study the Aurora
Borealis, called by some an outdoor plasma lab for studying the principles
of fusion. Shuttle flights are now able to generate auroras with an
electron beam. On November 10, 1991, and aurora borealis appeared in the
Texas sky for the first time ever recorded, and it was seen by people as
far away as Ohio and Utah, Nebraska and Missouri. The sky was "Christmas
colours", and various scientists were quick to blame it on solar activity.
However, when pressed most would admit that the ionosphere must have been
weakened at the time, so that the electrically charged particle hitting the
earth's atmosphere created the highly visible light called airglow. These
charged particles are normally pulled northwards by the earths magnetic
forces, to the magnetic north pole. The Northern Lights, as the aurora
borealis is called, normally occurs in the vortex at the pole where the
energetic particles, directed by the magnetic force lines, are directed.
Conclusions
It would be rash to assume that HAARP is an isolated experiment which would
not be expanded. It is related to fifty years of intensive and increasingly
destructive programs to understand and control the upper atmosphere.
It would be rash not to associate HAARP with the space laboratory
construction which is separately being planned by the United States. HAARP
is an integral part of a long history of space research and development of
a deliberate military nature.
The military implications of combining these projects is alarming.
Basic to this project is control of communications, both disruption and
reliability in hostile environments. The power wielded by such control is
obvious.
The ability of the HAARP / Spacelab/ rocket combination to deliver very
large amount of energy, comparable to a nuclear bomb, anywhere on earth via
laser and particle beams, are frightening.
The project is likely to be "sold" to the public as a space shield against
incoming weapons, or , for the more gullible, a devise for repairing the
ozone layer.
Further References:
C.L. Herzenberg, Physics and Society, April 1994.
R. Williams, Physics and Society, April 1988.
B. Eastlund, Microwave News, May/June 1994.
W. Kofman and C. Lathuillere, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol 14, No. 11,
pp 1158-1161, November 1987 (Includes French experiments at EISCAT).
G. Metz and F.W. Perkins. "Ionospheric Modification Theory: Past Present
and Future", Radio Science, Vol.9, No. 11, pp 885-888, November 1974.
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