Egypt’s “Arab Spring” Descends into an Islamist Winter

Egypt’s “Arab Spring” Descends into an Islamist Winter

Since the February 2011 overthrow of the Mubarak government, Egypt has steadily drifted away from the West in general and the United States in particular.  This trend accelerated after the Muslim Brotherhood, a radical anti-western Islamist movement, consolidated control over Egypt’s new government this summer.
Mohamed Morsi, a longtime member of the brotherhood, was elected president in June but initially was constrained by Egypt’s powerful military establishment.  By mid-August, however, Morsi had outmaneuvered and purged the army’s top generals.  He opportunistically exploited the army’s embarrassment over an August 5th terrorist attack by Islamist militants which killed 16 Egyptian soldiers in the Sinai.
Morsi’s Islamist-dominated government has cracked down on Egypt’s media and has announced that Egyptian journalists will be put on trial for “insults” to the president.  Morsi’s government is systematically clamping down on Egyptians’ political, social, and cultural freedoms. Yet the Obama Administration naively continues to court it as a partner.
The big losers will be the Egyptian people.  Their aspirations for freedom and democracy will likely get lost in the shuffle. But the United States and its allies—particularly Israel—will also find their national interests undermined by the anti-Western animus of Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood.
The September 11 invasion of the U.S. Embassy in Cairo underscored rising tensions in Egyptian-American relations and the ambivalent nature of Morsi’s new government.  Despite advance warning about ultra-radical Islamists’ plans to mount a protest demonstration outside the embassy, Egyptian security forces were suspiciously lax in restraining the crowd.  The protestors swiftly invaded the embassy grounds, tore down the American flag, and replaced it with a flag that resembled al-Qaeda’s black banner.
President Morsi’s nonchalant public reaction to the embassy attack compounded the problem. After similar attacks, Libyan and Yemeni leaders immediately denounced the demonstrators and took action to upgrade security around the U.S. embassies.  Not so in Egypt.  Morsi waited a day before casually issuing a mild rebuke to the rioters via Facebook.
President Morsi belatedly promised to protect U.S. diplomats in a phone call with President Obama and a statement issued in Brussels.  President Obama admitted in an interview on September 12th that Morsi’s government was far less reliable than its predecessor:  “I don’t think that we consider them an ally, but we don’t consider them an enemy.”
That could change in the future as the Muslim Brotherhood establishes a stranglehold on Egyptian politics and pursues its anti-western agenda: imposing Sharia (Islamic law), curbing the rights of women and religious minorities, abandoning Egypt’s 1979 peace treaty with Israel and advancing Islamist causes around the world.
One of the brotherhood’s pet causes that is sure to raise hackles in America is a push to free Omar Abdul-Rahman, the “Blind Sheikh” who is serving a life sentence in a U.S. prison for conspiracy to bomb the World Trade Center and other New York City targets in 1993.  Abdul-Rahman is a hero to many Egyptian Islamists, who consider terrorist attacks to be an acceptable tool for advancing their cause.
President Morsi has denied that al-Qaeda was responsible for the 9/11 attacks and has embraced conspiracy theories about U.S. policies.  He barely conceals his hostility and contempt for America.  While he is likely to lead Egypt further away from America, it could get even uglier.  Morsi is now being outflanked politically by Salafists, ultra-radical Islamist extremists who are even more hostile to the United States and to Israel. 
Salafists were behind the September 11th invasion of the U.S. embassy in Cairo.  They undoubtedly sought not only to strike a blow against America and poison Egyptian-American relations, but also to steal a march on Morsi’s Freedom and Justice Party.  They hoped to use the embassy as an anti-American soap box that they could exploit to expand their power within Egypt’s increasingly Islamist political system.       
Some Egyptian Islamist extremists also hope to provoke a war with Israel.  They have helped to smuggle arms seized from Colonel Qadhafi’s Libyan weapons depots to Palestinian militants in Gaza.  They also have joined with disgruntled Bedouin tribes in the Sinai to launch a series of terrorist attacks against Israel.
Egypt’s “Arab Spring” rapidly is being transformed into an Islamist winter.  This is likely to weaken U.S. national security by reducing Egyptian strategic cooperation on Middle East issues and reducing counter-terrorism cooperation against al-Qaeda—which is now led by an Egyptian, Ayman al-Zawahiri.  We can also expect further undermining of the Egypt-Israel peace that has helped to reduce instability in the Middle East for more than 30 years.  Egypt’s “Arab Spring” looks likely to produce very bitter fruit, indeed.
--James Phillips is Senior Research Fellow for Middle Eastern Affairs at The Heritage Foundation (www.heritage.org).

Muslim Brotherhood Consolidates Control over Egypt

Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi abruptly dismissed Egypt’s defense minister and other top generals over the weekend in an aggressive effort to remove a major brake on his own power.
Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi was formerly the most powerful official in Egypt and a major pillar of the former Mubarak regime. Morsi has now put himself in position to consolidate the Muslim Brotherhood’s control over Egypt.
In addition to sacking Tantawi, Morsi forced the resignation of the chief of staff of the army as well as the heads of the air force, navy, and air defense forces. This bold move amounts to a counter-coup against the “slow motion coup” that the military staged by stripping Egypt’s new parliament and presidency of most of their power shortly before the June presidential runoff election.
Morsi opportunistically exploited the army’s embarrassment over last week’s terrorist attacks by Islamist militants, which killed 16 Egyptian border guards in the Sinai. The decapitation of the top ranks of the armed forces allows Morsi to place his own candidates in key slots and reduce resistance to the radical political program of Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood
Morsi’s Islamist-dominated government has also cracked down on Egypt’s media. State prosecutors recently announced that two Egyptian journalists will be put on trial for “insults” to the president.
As The Heritage Foundation has repeatedly warned, the Muslim Brotherhood is systematically clamping down on Egyptians’ political, social, and cultural freedoms. Yet the Obama Administration naively continues to court it as a partner.
The big losers will be the Egyptian people, whose aspirations for freedom and democracy are likely to get lost in the shuffle. But the United States and its allies—particularly Israel—are also likely to find their national interests undermined by the anti-Western animus of Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood.